Which products of the light-dependent reactions assist in activating the Calvin cycle?

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis play a crucial role in generating the energy and reducing power necessary for the subsequent Calvin cycle, which is part of the light-independent reactions. The correct answer identifies ATP and NADPH as key products generated during these light reactions.

During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). ATP serves as an energy source, driving various biochemical processes, while NADPH provides the necessary electrons and reducing power for the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate in the Calvin cycle, ultimately leading to the synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrates.

Together, ATP and NADPH created in the light-dependent reactions are critical for powering the biochemical processes of the Calvin cycle, facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

In contrast, the other options listed do not correctly represent the key products that activate the Calvin cycle. For example, oxygen is a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions but does not play a role in activating the Calvin cycle. NADH is involved in cellular respiration rather than photosynthesis, and glucose is a final product of the Calvin cycle rather than a substrate that