Which of the following statements about the role of light in photosynthesis is true?

Light plays a crucial role in the photosynthetic process, particularly in the light-dependent reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. During these reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments, which excites electrons and increases their energy level. This energy is then used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and high-energy electrons through a process known as photolysis. The energized electrons are essential for the subsequent production of ATP and NADPH, which are then utilized in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.

Selecting the statement that light energizes electrons, enabling water splitting, highlights the essential function of light in initiating the chemical changes necessary for photosynthesis. The process of splitting water not only releases oxygen as a byproduct but is also critical for replenishing the electrons lost by the chlorophyll when it absorbs light energy. This statement accurately reflects the primary role of light in the early stages of photosynthesis.