What pigment is responsible for capturing light energy in plants?

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants, particularly during the process of photosynthesis. Located in the chloroplasts of plant cells, chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the red and blue wavelengths, while reflecting green light, which is why plants appear green to the human eye. This light energy is then converted into chemical energy, initiating the process of converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

While other pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, and phycobilin do play roles in photosynthesis—such as capturing additional light energy or protecting the plant from excess light—chlorophyll is the essential pigment that directly participates in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Therefore, chlorophyll is vital for plant growth and energy production.