What is necessary for the final stage of photosynthesis?

The final stage of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions, requires carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to synthesize glucose. In this process, carbon dioxide is fixed into a stable intermediate and, with the help of high-energy molecules ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions, is eventually converted into glucose.

Carbon dioxide serves as a key carbon source, while ATP provides the necessary energy for the reactions and NADPH acts as a reducing agent that supplies the electrons needed for converting carbon compounds into glucose. This integrated use of these three components is essential for the successful completion of the final stage of photosynthesis, ultimately leading to the production of organic molecules that can be used by the plant for energy and growth.

The other options do not encompass the full requirements for this stage. Light is not directly used in the Calvin cycle; NADH is not a product of photosynthesis but rather from cellular respiration; and glucose itself is the product rather than a required reactant in this process.